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食品中32種農(nóng)藥和除草劑的選擇離子氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用一次測(cè)定法

更新時(shí)間:2011-08-03 點(diǎn)擊量:3912

食品中32種農(nóng)藥和除草劑的選擇離子氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用一次測(cè)定法

 

 

[摘要]   目的:建立一種測(cè)定食品中有機(jī)磷、擬除蟲菊酯、氨基甲酸酯和除草劑農(nóng)藥殘留的氣相色譜質(zhì)譜方法。方法:本法采用丙酮、二氯甲烷提取,40水浴旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)近干,以Envi-Carb柱和Sep-Pak-NH2柱凈化,以氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜選擇離子監(jiān)測(cè)方式分析檢測(cè)有機(jī)磷、擬除蟲菊酯、氨基甲酸酯和除草劑等32種農(nóng)藥殘留。結(jié)果:所有32種農(nóng)藥均在32min內(nèi)流出,分離良好,農(nóng)藥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的線性范圍在0.021.0ug/ml,相關(guān)系數(shù)r均在0.99以上,低、高二種濃度加標(biāo)回收率均在89%98%之間,相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差均小于10%,方法zui低檢出限在0.0010.005mg/kgS/N=3)。結(jié)論:方法選擇性強(qiáng),適合于食品中有機(jī)磷、擬除蟲菊酯、氨基甲酸酯和除草劑農(nóng)藥殘留的測(cè)定,且準(zhǔn)確度好,精密度高,可快速一次檢測(cè)32種農(nóng)藥,達(dá)到殘留量檢測(cè)中所要求的檢測(cè)濃度水平。

[關(guān)鍵詞]    食品;農(nóng)藥;氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜分析;選擇離子監(jiān)測(cè)方式

[中圖分類號(hào)]   O657.63        [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]   A

 

Determination of 32 pesticides and weedicides  in foods by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring

 

Weisen Yu,Wen Hao,Hongwei Yu,Wei Sun

Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China

 

[Abstract]  Objective:To establish a method for determination of 32 organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid and weedicide pesticides in foods by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and selected ion monitoring (SIM). Methods:The pesticides were extracted with acetone and dichloromethane.The extract was warmed with water at 80, circumrotated and evaporated until it was nearly dry.Then it was cleaned – up by Envi-Carb column and Sep-Pak-NH2 column.The analysis was performed by GC-MS and SIM.Retention time and specific ions were used to confirm the pesticides.Results:The calibration curves of 32 pesticides were linear(correlation coefficient r0.99)within the range of 0.021.0ug/ml.The recoveries were 89%98%,the relative standard deviations(RSD)of the method was 10% for each case,and the limit of determination(LOD),defined in terms of 3 times baseline noise was 0.001 0.005mg/kg.Conclusion:The method is suitable for determining pesticides in foods with satisfactory sensitivity, accurcy and precision.

[Key words]  Foods; pesticides; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS); Selected ion monitoring(SIM)

 


 

[基金項(xiàng)目]  國(guó)家“十一五”科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目——重大活動(dòng)中食品安全保障技術(shù)研究與示范(2006BAK02A27

 

農(nóng)藥是一類特殊的化學(xué)品,它既能防治農(nóng)林病蟲害,也會(huì)對(duì)人畜產(chǎn)生危害。因此,農(nóng)藥的使用,一方面造福于人類,另一方面農(nóng)藥殘留在環(huán)境中,造成對(duì)環(huán)境的污染。大量散失的農(nóng)藥揮發(fā)到空氣中流入水體中,沉降聚集在土壤中,污染農(nóng)畜漁果產(chǎn)品,并通過(guò)食物鏈的富集作用轉(zhuǎn)移到人體,對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生危害。有機(jī)磷類農(nóng)藥,作為神經(jīng)毒物,會(huì)引起神經(jīng)功能紊亂、振顫、精神錯(cuò)亂、語(yǔ)言失常等表現(xiàn)。擬除蟲菊酯類農(nóng)藥,一般毒性較大,有蓄集性,中毒表現(xiàn)癥狀為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀和皮膚刺激癥狀。六六六和滴滴涕等有機(jī)氯農(nóng)藥隨食物途徑進(jìn)入人體后,主要蓄積于脂肪中,其次為肝、腎、脾、腦中;通過(guò)人乳傳給胎兒引發(fā)下一代病變。目前我國(guó)農(nóng)藥多用、濫用現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重,國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品由于農(nóng)殘超標(biāo)而影響出口的占很大比重。而我國(guó)制定的食品中農(nóng)藥殘留的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有30余個(gè),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)方法中多數(shù)方法為氣相色譜法,不同農(nóng)藥殘留的分析,使用的色譜柱不同、檢測(cè)器不同,給檢驗(yàn)人員全面分析食品中各類農(nóng)藥殘留帶來(lái)很大的困難,還容易對(duì)檢出農(nóng)殘?jiān)斐杉訇?yáng)性。因此,我們?cè)谌粘9ぷ髦幸_發(fā)新的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,一次盡可能地檢測(cè)更多種農(nóng)藥。本法采用丙酮、二氯甲烷提取,40水浴旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)近干,以Envi-Carb柱和Sep-Pak-NH2柱凈化,以氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜選擇離子監(jiān)測(cè)方式分析檢測(cè),可一次檢測(cè)有機(jī)磷、擬除蟲菊酯、氨基甲酸酯和除草劑等32種農(nóng)藥,且準(zhǔn)確定性、定量。本方法選擇性強(qiáng),達(dá)到殘留量檢測(cè)中所要求的檢測(cè)濃度水平。

 

1材料與方法

1.1儀器  氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀(安捷倫公司6890-5975);電動(dòng)振蕩器;糧食粉碎機(jī);組織搗碎機(jī);旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀;移液器,1ml;具塞三角瓶,250 ml;分液漏斗,250ml;筒形漏斗;雞心瓶,200ml;分析天平,感量0.1mg0.01g。層析柱。

1.2試劑  乙腈:色譜純;丙酮: 色譜純;二氯甲烷:色譜純;氯化鈉:分析純;無(wú)水硫酸鈉:分析純,用前在650灼燒4h,貯于干燥器中,冷卻后備用。甲苯:優(yōu)級(jí)純;正己烷:色譜純。Envi-Carb柱:6ml,0.5gSep-Pak-NH2柱:3ml,0.5g

32種農(nóng)藥(100ug/ml,購(gòu)自農(nóng)業(yè)部環(huán)境保護(hù)科研監(jiān)測(cè)所):以丙酮配制成混合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列,各農(nóng)藥系列濃度均為:0.2ug/ml,0.5ug/ml,1.0ug/ml。

1.3樣品的提取與凈化

1.3.1試樣制備

蛋品去殼,制成勻漿;肉品去筋后,切成小塊,制成肉糜;乳品混勻待用。糧食試樣經(jīng)糧食粉碎機(jī)粉粹,過(guò)20目篩制成糧食試樣。蔬菜水果擦凈,去掉非可食部分后,于搗碎機(jī)上搗碎,制成蔬菜水果試樣。

1.3.2提取   稱取15g試樣(至0.01g)于250ml具塞三角瓶中,加入30ml水(鮮乳、果汁等水分含量大的試樣,不需加水,直接加丙酮提?。?,于40振蕩水浴上,振蕩溶解15min。加40ml丙酮,振搖30min,加氯化鈉6g,充分揺勻,再加30ml二氯甲烷,振搖30min。過(guò)濾,取濾液于分液漏斗中,用40ml二氯甲烷分?jǐn)?shù)次洗滌三角瓶,過(guò)濾并將濾液并入分液漏斗中,小心排氣,振搖后靜置分層,將下層有機(jī)相通過(guò)裝有無(wú)水硫酸鈉的筒形漏斗,收集于200ml雞心瓶中。再先后加入5ml丙酮和30ml二氯甲烷于分液漏斗中,振搖1min,靜置、分層后收集。合并提取液,將提取液于40水浴旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)至約1ml,待凈化。

1.3.3凈化

Envi-Carb柱中加入約2cm高無(wú)水硫酸鈉,將該柱連接在Sep-Pak-NH2柱頂部,并將串聯(lián)柱放入下接雞心瓶的固定架上。加樣前先用4ml乙腈+甲苯(3+1)預(yù)洗柱,當(dāng)液面到達(dá)硫酸鈉的頂部時(shí),迅速將樣品提取液轉(zhuǎn)移至凈化柱上,再用3×2ml乙腈+甲苯(3+1)洗滌樣液瓶,并將洗液移入柱中。在串聯(lián)柱上加上50ml貯液器,用25ml乙腈+甲苯(3+1)洗脫農(nóng)藥,收集所有流出物于雞心瓶中,并在40水浴中旋轉(zhuǎn)濃縮至約0.5ml。用2×5ml正己烷進(jìn)行溶劑交換兩次,zui后使樣液體積為1ml,用于氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜測(cè)定。

1.4分析條件

色譜條件:色譜柱:HP-5MS30m×0.25mm×0.25um);載氣:高純氦氣,流量1.1ml/min;柱溫:70,保持2min,以25/min升至150,再以3/min升至200,再以8/min升至260,保持10min;進(jìn)樣口溫度:250;進(jìn)樣方式:不分流進(jìn)樣,1.5min后打開分流閥和隔墊吹掃。

質(zhì)譜條件:離子源(EI)溫度:230,電子轟擊能量70eV,GC-MS接口溫度:280

。各種化合物的特征離子見表1

 

1    各種農(nóng)藥的特征離子

                                                                               

農(nóng)藥名稱            RT            定性離子            定量離子

1. 二溴磷            5.97       109,145,185,220            185

2. 丙草丹            7.00        86,128,132,189            128

3. 氟丙氧脲          7.71       174,203,353,355            353

4. 苯胺靈            8.16        93,120,137,179             93

5. 禾草敵            9.40        55,83,126,187             126

6. 毒草胺            10.70       77,93,120,176             120

7. 水楊硫磷          11.86       78,153,183,216            216

8. 硫線磷            12.29       97,127,158,159            159

9. 地蟲磷            14.35       81,109,137,246            246

10.乙拌磷            15.00       88,142,186,274             88

11.氯唑磷            15.50       97,119,161,257            161

12.丙基喜樂(lè)松        15.86       91,123,204,246            123

13.除線磷            16.64       97,162,223,279            279

14.甲基立枯磷        17.34       125,250,265,267           265

15.抑菌靈            19.02        92,123,167,224           224

16.馬拉硫磷          19.35        93,125,127,173            93

17.倍硫磷            19.78       109,125,169,278           278

18.三唑酮            20.00        57,85,128,208             57

19.嘧菌環(huán)胺          21.19        77,210,224,225           224

20.喹硫磷            22.25       118,129,146,157           146

21.氟蟲清            22.45       213,351,367,369           367

22.抑草磷            24.06       152,200,232,286           286

23.烯菌靈            24.35       173,175,215,217           215

24.丙草胺            24.78       162,176,238,262           162

25.噻嗪酮            25.00        83,105,106,172           105

26.亞胺菌            25.32        89,116,131,206           116

27.線蟲磷            26.10        97,125,293,308           293

28.三硫磷            27.06        97,121,157,342           157

29.聯(lián)苯菊酯          29.20       165,166,181,182           181

30.治草醚            29.56       189,311,341,343           341

31.氯苯嘧啶醇        30.81       107,139,219,257           139

32.吡嘧磷            31.10       193,221,232,373           221

                                                                              

2結(jié)果與討論

采用本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,16種有機(jī)磷、1種擬除蟲菊酯、11種氨基甲酸酯和4種除草劑農(nóng)藥在32min內(nèi)流出,縮短了分析時(shí)間,適合大批樣品的分析,總離子流圖(TIC)見圖1。

 

1    32種農(nóng)藥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的總離子流圖(TIC)

 

采用選擇離子監(jiān)測(cè)方式,提高了靈敏度,同時(shí)達(dá)到32種農(nóng)藥*基線分離,降低了干擾,每種化合物選擇4個(gè)特征離子,根據(jù)這4個(gè)離子的豐度比例,結(jié)合保留時(shí)間,可對(duì)樣品中存在的農(nóng)藥進(jìn)行定性,特別對(duì)于在復(fù)雜基質(zhì)中與農(nóng)藥化合物保留時(shí)間一致而不是農(nóng)藥的化合物的假陽(yáng)性結(jié)果可進(jìn)行排除。定量則選擇一個(gè)干擾小、特征性高的離子,采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線外標(biāo)法通過(guò)工作站進(jìn)行。32種農(nóng)藥化合物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線、線性范圍、相關(guān)系數(shù)及zui低檢出限情況見表2。

2    各種農(nóng)藥的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線、線性范圍、相關(guān)系數(shù)及zui低檢出限

 


 

農(nóng)藥名稱               標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線        線性范圍(ug/ml r   zui低檢出限(mg/kg

 


 

1. 二溴磷      Y=-9.38×103+3.68×105X    0.041.0    0.9927    0.005

2.丙草丹      Y=-3.54×104+1.19×106X    0.041.0    0.9978    0.005

3. 氟丙氧脲    Y=-7.33×104+8.90×105X    0.081.0    0.9958    0.005 

4. 苯胺靈      Y=-9.32×104+2.12×106X    0.041.0    0.9914    0.005

5. 禾草敵      Y=-1.16×105+3.37×106X    0.041.0    0.9961    0.005

6. 毒草胺      Y=-9.43×104+2.30×106X    0.041.0    0.9929    0.005

7. 水楊硫磷    Y=-7.47×104+1.67×106X    0.051.0    0.9985    0.005

8. 硫線磷      Y=-8.04×104+1.59×106X    0.051.0    0.9981    0.005

9.地蟲磷      Y=-9.61×104+2.04×106X    0.051.0    0.9976    0.005

10.乙拌磷      Y=-5.77×104+9.41×105X    0.061.0    0.9917    0.005

11.氯唑磷      Y=-6.57×104+1.12×106X    0.061.0    0.9902    0.005 

12.丙基喜樂(lè)松   Y=-2.21×105+3.03×106X   0.081.0    0.9934    0.005

13.除線磷       Y=-1.34×105+2.65×106X   0.051.0    0.9960    0.005

14.甲基立枯磷   Y=-1.43×105+2.78×106X   0.051.0    0.9949    0.005 

15.抑菌靈       Y=-1.06×105+1.72×106X   0.061.0    0.9901    0.005

16.馬拉硫磷     Y=-3.76×104+5.41×105X   0.081.0    0.9939    0.005

17.倍硫磷       Y=-4.80×104+6.86×105X   0.081.0    0.9971    0.005

18.三唑酮       Y=-1.24×105+1.65×106X   0.081.0    0.9951    0.005

19.嘧菌環(huán)胺     Y=-1.56×105+3.09×106X   0.051.0    0.9918    0.001

20.喹硫磷       Y=-1.10×105+1.74×106X   0.061.0    0.9953    0.005

21.氟蟲清       Y=-6.50×104+8.91×105X   0.081.0    0.9955    0.005

22.抑草磷       Y=-1.72×104+2.52×105X   0.081.0    0.9962    0.005

23.烯菌靈       Y=-2.60×104+3.18×105X   0.081.0    0.9918    0.005

24.丙草胺       Y=-1.93×105+2.74×106X   0.081.0    0.9933    0.005

25.噻嗪酮       Y=-7.79×104+1.45×106X   0.051.0    0.9907    0.005

26.亞胺菌       Y=-1.05×104+5.96×105X   0.021.0    0.9910    0.005

27.線蟲磷       Y=-5.55×104+7.01×105X   0.081.0    0.9973    0.005

28.三硫磷       Y=-1.11×105+1.35×106X   0.081.0    0.9947    0.005

29.聯(lián)苯菊酯     Y=-3.02×105+5.31×106X   0.061.0    0.9974    0.005

30.治草醚       Y=8.17×103+4.64×105X    0.051.0    0.9905    0.005

31.氯苯嘧啶醇   Y=633+9.02×105X          0.051.0    0.9918    0.005

32.吡嘧磷       Y=-7.75×104+1.19×106X   0.081.0    0.9960    0.005

 

 


 

進(jìn)行樣品測(cè)定時(shí),如果檢出的色譜峰的保留時(shí)間與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品相一致,并且在扣除背景后的樣品質(zhì)譜圖中,所選擇的離子均出現(xiàn),而且所選擇的離子豐度比與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品的離子豐度比相一致(相對(duì)豐度>50%,允許±10%偏差;相對(duì)豐度>20%50%,允許±15%偏差;相對(duì)豐度>10%20%,允許±20%偏差;相對(duì)豐度≤10%,允許±50%偏差),則可判斷樣品中存在這種農(nóng)藥。

方法的回收率與精密度:取1份經(jīng)測(cè)定不含有上述32種農(nóng)藥的蔬菜,分別進(jìn)行低、高濃度二種不同濃度加標(biāo)實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果見表3。

    3    方法的回收率與精密度(n=6

 


 

農(nóng)藥名稱           加標(biāo)量    平均回收率   CV     加標(biāo)量     平均回收率    CV

              ug/ml    (%)        (%)    (ug/ml)       (%)        (%)

 


 

1.二溴磷           0.1       90.44      6.23      0.8        91.65      5.22

2.丙草丹           0.1       90.86      5.88      0.8        95.22      6.14

3. 氟丙氧脲         0.2       93.21      6.34      0.8        94.34      4.62

4. 苯胺靈           0.1       89.66      7.28      0.8        96.12      4.27

5. 禾草敵           0.1       90.42      4.53      0.8        95.53      6.56

6. 毒草胺           0.1       91.75      5.36      0.8        97.68      7.86

7. 水楊硫磷         0.1       90.98      5.62      0.8        93.36      6.18

8. 硫線磷           0.1       92.27      7.47      0.8        94.22      6.23

9.地蟲磷           0.1       91.06      5.65      0.8        96.53      5.45

10.乙拌磷           0.1       90.36      5.27      0.8        93.25      6.35

11.氯唑磷           0.1       92.78      6.98      0.8        95.84      5.34

12.丙基喜樂(lè)松       0.2       90.32      4.76      0.8        93.66      7.58

13.除線磷           0.1       90.66      5.86      0.8        92.53      4.32

14.甲基立枯磷       0.1       91.02      3.46      0.8        93.27      5.28

15.抑菌靈           0.1       93.45      6.55      0.8        96.74      6.45

16.馬拉硫磷         0.2       92.86      4.52      0.8        95.35      5.35

17.倍硫磷           0.2       89.72      6.63      0.8        94.24      4.67

18.三唑酮           0.2       90.54      4.77      0.8        92.65      4.98

19.嘧菌環(huán)胺         0.1       90.56      5.36      0.8        93.77      7.35

20.喹硫磷           0.1       91.43      5.38      0.8        96.43      5.32

21.氟蟲清           0.2       90.87      6.82      0.8        94.86      7.92

22.抑草磷           0.2       92.11      5.45      0.8        92.00      7.42

23.烯菌靈           0.2       92.68      7.76      0.8        93.65      6.89

24.丙草胺           0.2       92.89      6.38      0.8        95.23      5.34

25.噻嗪酮           0.1       90.04      3.56      0.8        94.87      6.21

26.亞胺菌           0.1       91.56      4.21      0.8        96.35      5.78

27.線蟲磷           0.2       92.86      4.37      0.8        96.46      6.66

28.三硫磷           0.2       93.06      7.65      0.8        97.52      5.21

29.聯(lián)苯菊酯         0.1       92.45      6.35      0.8        94.24      7.42

30.治草醚           0.1       92.17      6.73      0.8        96.33      8.27

31.氯苯嘧啶醇       0.1       90.95      5.88      0.8        95.72      6.56

32.吡嘧磷           0.2       90.61      7.23      0.8        93.24      5.23

 

 


 

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

[1]GB/T5009.145-2003.植物性食品中有機(jī)磷和氨基甲酸酯農(nóng)藥多種殘留的測(cè)定[S].

[2]GB/T19426-2006.蜂蜜、果汁和果酒中497種農(nóng)藥及相關(guān)化學(xué)品殘留量的測(cè)定[S].

[3]Gregory E Mercer,Jeffrey A.A multiresidue pesticide monitoring procedure using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring for the determination of pesticides containing nitrogen,sulfur,and/or oxygen in fruits and vegetables[J].AOAC,87(5):1224-1236.

[4]Michelangelo Anastassiaoles,Steven J Lehotay,Darinka Stajnbaher,et al.Fast and easy mnltiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersine – phase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce[J].AOAC,86(2):412-431.

 

 

 

 

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